Philosophical Semantics

Meaning of Semantics

semantics is how can we make sense of something and looking for gaps of meaning itself whitout saying it directly. It typically focuses on the relation between the signifers, such as words, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand for. Not only interpreting language but also interpreting human expressions or body language.

SYNTAX : The Types of Sentence Structure

Hello friends!! Come back with me…. And at this time, I’m going to talk about syntax.. Huh! What is syntax? Who knows? Nobody? Ha Ha. Okay okay. According to Noam Chomsky (2002:11) syntax is a lesson or lecture on the principles and processes in which sentences are arranged in certain languages. So, we can conclude that syntax is the study of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. Because the syntax discusses the structure of sentences and the arrangement of a sentence, here I will discuss about ‘Four Types of Sentence Structure’

4 Types of Sentence Structure

A sentence is a unit of text consisting of one or more words related to grammar. A sentence can enter words that are grouped meaningfully to express statements, questions, exclamations, requests, orders or suggestions. Here are 4 types of sentence structures:

     1. Simple Sentence Structures

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.  Examples;

• Synta likes tea.
• I like coffee.
• Lala did not go to the party.
• The earth goes round the sun.

          
2. Compound Sentence Structure

Compound sentences are two or more independent clauses which are combined with conjunction or semi-colon. Each of these clauses can form only one sentence. Examples;

• I like vanilla and Cilla likes Strawberry.
• Siska went to work but Sinta went to the party.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

• and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

                  
3. Complex Sentence Structure

Complex sentences consist of independent clauses plus dependent clauses. The dependent clause starts with subordinate conjunctions or relative pronouns, and contains the subject and verb, but does not express complete thought. Examples;

• We missed our plane because we were late.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
• Do you know the girl who is talking to Shawn?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

• after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

• that, which, who, whom, whose

          
4. Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

Complex-compound sentences consist of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Examples;

• Clara didn't come because he was ill so Micael was not happy.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

Essay Writing

Bullying Effect, Is It Dangerous?

     According to Rigby (1994) bullying is an action or behavior that aims to hurt someone intentionally and wants to make the victim suffer. In the past few years the actions of bullying have become increasingly rampant, and many acts of bullying have occurred among students in Indonesia. If this continues, it will damage the future of someone who is a victim of bullying. Besides that bullying is very bad influence on a person's mental condition.

     Bullying victims will be depressed. Bullying can be experienced by anyone regardless of age, the case of bullying that occurs a lot among children and adolescents is very alarming, even many of them are depressed and will greatly disrupt their daily activities. The victims of bullying are very depressed and very depressed with actions that make it very uncomfortable. This can be proven by data that occurs in high school adolescents in Yogyakarta. A journal entitled 'Verbal bullying caused by depression in high school adolescents in Yogyakarta', published in 2017 and written by Gitry Marela, Abdul Wahab, and Carla Raymondalexas Marchira. In the journal the authors state that the results of the statistical tests show the relationship between bullying and depression in adolescents. Based on the statistical results of bullying that occurs in high school adolescents in Yogyakarta is very high. Most victims of bullying are verbally bullied, and victims who experience depression are as many as 48.5% of women who experience depression and 29.9% of men who experience depression due to bullying.

     The next bad impact that will be experienced by victims of bullying is the loss of self-confidence. With bad actions done by someone against other people can affect one's confidence. This can be evidenced by a study conducted at SMAN 7 Pekanbaru and written in a journal written by Hertika Nanda Putri, Fathra Annis Nauli, and Riri Novayelinda published in 2015. In this journal examining the relationship between self-confidence and bullying behavior, The data states that the majority of students who have low self-confidence have high bullying behavior, namely as many as 23 respondents (65.7%) compared to respondents with high self-confidence who have low bullying behavior, namely as many as 19 respondents (24.3%). This research proves that there is a significant relationship between bullying behavior and the loss of one's confidence.

     Furthermore, the most terrible adverse effects of bullying behavior are victims of suicide. If the bullying action continues and has exceeded the limit, the victim will be depressed, resulting in his suicide. In general, victims of bullying are introverted and don't tell ssomething to many people, including their families. This can cause depression to be out of control because it saves all its own problems, if this is ignored and does not get the attention, there will be many victims suicide. This can be proven by the news published on Republika.co.id written by Muhammad Fauzi and published in 2018, in the news stating that a child committed suicide because he was pressured by the attitude of his friends who always told him to do the assignment. The child with the initials TTP was determined to commit suicide in his room and soon his body was found by his sister.

     The conclusion is that bullying cannot be underestimated or let alone. Children must always be watched and monitored by parents and teachers in the school. If there is a suspicious child's attitude or behavior, immediately ask what happened to the child. It is very sad if more and more victims of bullying occur among students, preferably as parents or as teachers can be advisors and also act as friends for these children, so that the child can freely tell about all the problems that are being experienced. With the many adverse effects that occur due to bullying, as much as possible bulyying actions must be stopped.

SEMANTICS

Synonymy, Antonymy, Polysemy, and Homonymy

Hello everyone!! How are you today? well guys I want to share about one of the linguistic branches in semantics. Just keep on reading❤️

What does semantics study??

Semantics is the study of meaning, but what do we mean by "meaning"?

Meaning has been given different definition in the past.

Semantics also look at the ways in which the meaning of words can be related each other. Here are a few of the ways in which words can be semantically related:

      1. Synonymy

Synonymy is a word that has the same or similar meaning.

e.g:

      2. Antonymy

Antonymy is a word that has opposite meaning.

e.g: 

      3. Polysemy

Polysemy is a word or phrase with different, but related sense.

e.g : wood > a piece of a tree

                  > a geographical area with many trees

      4. Homonymy

Homonymy is a word that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meaning.

e.g : Right vs Write

        Pray vs Prey

Welcome to My Blog💖

      HELLO EVERYONE!!

On this occasion I'm gonna to tell you about myself, my family, my friends, my dream and my passion❤ Before starting it all, is there anybody who knows me? Nobody? Aahhh okok. I wanna tell you.. but before that,  please correct me if you find wrong grammar on my writings, because I still learn:( so I really need your suggestion☺ Well, let's begin! My name is Siska Fradina, but please call me "IKA" or "Bunda" 😄 bc on campus I called Bunda by my friends hehe😄 I don't know why they are call me bunda, maybe I motherly and lovely hahaha but for you all just call me Ika❤ By the way I'm 20 years old and I'm studying at University of Lancang Kuning as an English department student. I live on Sri Palas street with my parents and one of my younger brother❤ 

My father and my mother stay at home everyday, bc my father's job as a farmer so he rarely goes outside the house, and also my mother. While my younger brother, he studying at VHS Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru, and he's in grade 3.

Yass!! that's all my best friends from we are first semester. Do you want to know who my friend's name guys? no? yes? wkwk. Ok I will mention the name of all my friends there, first is Almira Hadita.. on that picture Almira wear a blue hijab guys, she is so beautiful right? of course though! secondly is Nur Aisah. Yap Aisah wear a navy hijab, and from the second semester she was back to her home town and decided to work there, so sad:' well the third is Lana Hasanah, Yap she wear a pink hijab and she is a very spoiled and sweet girl guys:)) The next is Sandra Yunira, she wear a purple hijab guys and she has a very sweet voice and also beautiful girls. and the laaast but not least iiiissss Mutia Sari Nursafira, that's right! she wear a grey hijab guys! she is sooo smart and very kind:* I Love to all my best friends, but wait! any 2 more my best friends. whoaaa the name is Nelia Gari and Wella Cisilya Putri... they are the cute and funny girls guys! Maybe tomorrow i will post their picture hehe.. Bye guys I wanna Sleep:*